Quantum Breakthrough: Researchers Demonstrate Full Control of a Three-Qubit System



Researchers from RIKEN in Japan have made a critical step toward large-scale quantum computing by showing error correction in a three-qubit silicon-based quantum computing device. This study, which was reported in the journal Nature, may contribute to the development of useful quantum computers.

Because they promise to resolve significant issues that can't be resolved by conventional computers, quantum computers are currently a hot topic of research. They use superimposition states of quantum physics in place of the simple 1 or 0 binary bits seen in conventional computers. Due to their fundamentally different construction, they are however extremely vulnerable to background noise and other issues, such as decoherence, and require error correction to do accurate calculations.

Choosing the optimal systems to act as the "qubits," or fundamental components required to do quantum calculations, is a difficult task at the moment. Every potential system has benefits and drawbacks of its own. Superconducting circuits and ions are two of the most widely utilized systems today. They have the advantage of having some form of error correction shown, allowing them to be used in practical applications, albeit on a small scale.                                                       
Because silicon-based quantum technology, which has only recently begun to be developed, uses a semiconductor nanostructure similar to that routinely used to integrate billions of transistors on a small chip, it may be able to take advantage of already-in-use manufacturing technologies.

The absence of faulty connection technology, however, is a significant issue with silicon-based technologies. Two-qubit control has previously been proven by researchers, but error correction calls for a three-qubit system.

A three-qubit system, one of the largest qubit systems in silicon, was fully controlled in the current study by researchers from the RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science and the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing. This achievement allowed for the creation of the first silicon prototype for quantum error correction. They accomplished this by putting in place a Toffoli-type quantum gate with three qubits.

The concept of using quantum error-correcting codes in quantum dots was first put forth about ten years ago, so it is not entirely novel, but a number of advancements in materials, device fabrication, and measurement methods have allowed us to be successful in this endeavor, according to Kenta Takeda, the paper's first author. We are pleased to have accomplished this.

The study team's head, Seigo Tarucha, stated that scaling up the system would be the next step. Scaling up, in our opinion, is the next move. Working with semiconductor industry organizations capable of mass producing silicon-based quantum devices would be ideal for this.

Authors: Kenta Takeda, Akito Noiri, Takashi Nakajima, Takashi Kobayashi, and Seigo Tarucha, "Quantum error correction with silicon spin qubits," Nature, 24 August 2022.

By RIKEN 

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