Extending EV Driving Range With Diamond Quantum Sensors



Electric cars (EVs) are becoming more and more well-liked as an environmentally beneficial substitute for traditional automobiles with gasoline-powered internal combustion engines. This has prompted significant research projects aimed at creating high-efficiency EV batteries. However, erroneous estimates of the battery charge lead to a major inefficiency in EVs. An EV battery's current output is tested to determine how fully charged it is. An estimate of the cars' remaining driving range is computed using this.

The battery currents in EVs can frequently approach hundreds of amps. Commercial sensors, nevertheless, are unable to measure minute variations in current at milliampere levels. As a result, there is an estimated 10% uncertainty in battery charge. This suggests that EVs' driving range might be increased by 10%. Thus, less inefficient battery use would result.

Thankfully, a group of scientists has recently found a cure. In their paper, they described a diamond quantum sensor-based detection method that can measure strong currents typical of EVs and estimate the battery charge to within 1% accuracy. Scientists from Japan, lead by Professor Mutsuko Hatano of the Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), released their findings in Scientific Reports today (September 6).

"We created diamond sensors that are small enough to be used in automobiles, sensitive to milliampere currents. Additionally, we recorded milliampere-level currents in a loud environment and measured currents throughout a broad range," says Prof. Hatano.

Two diamond quantum sensors, which were positioned on either side of the busbar (an electrical connection for incoming and outgoing currents in the car), were used by the researchers to create a prototype sensor for their research. The common noise picked up by both sensors was then eliminated using a method known as "differential detection," leaving only the genuine signal. They were then able to distinguish a 10 mA little current from the surrounding noise as a result.

The next step was to track the magnetic resonance frequencies of the quantum sensor over a bandwidth of 1 gigahertz using a hybrid analog-digital control of the frequencies produced by two microwave generators. This enabled a large dynamic range of about 1000 A (ratio of greatest to smallest current detected). Additionally, it was established that a broad operating temperature range of 40 to + 85 °C will cover most vehicle applications.

Last but not least, the group put this prototype through the WLTC (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle), a benchmark test for EV energy consumption. The sensor exhibited the battery charge estimation accuracy within 1% by precisely tracking the charge/discharge current from -50 A to 130 A.

What conclusions can be drawn from these findings? According to Prof. Hatano, 10% more battery consumption efficiency would result in 10% less battery weight, which would result in 3.5% less running energy and 5% less production energy for 20 million new EVs in 2030 WW. In consequence, this results in a 0.2% decrease in CO2 emissions in the transportation sector in 2030.

We surely hope that this development moves us one step closer to a society without carbon emissions!

By TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 

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