Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey: Wide view of the early universe



Recent pictures taken by NASA's James Webb Space Telescope reveal what might be one of the oldest galaxies ever seen. One of the photographs has a significantly larger field of view than Webb's First Deep Field image, which was published on July 12. The images show objects from more than 13 billion years ago. The photographs are among the first to come from a significant partnership between astronomers and other academic researchers working with NASA and international partners to learn new things about the cosmos.

Images from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey (CEERS), which was directed by a researcher at The University of Texas at Austin, were used to create the artwork. The School of Physics and Astronomy at Rochester Institute of Technology's Jeyhan Kartaltepe is one of 18 co-investigators from 12 different universities, in addition to more than 100 additional collaborators from the United States and nine other nations. When the universe was less than 5% of its present age, a time period known as reionization, some of the first galaxies formed. CEERS researchers are investigating how these galaxies began and how they have changed through time.

The team has discovered one fascinating item in particular, which they believe is being viewed only 290 million years after the Big Bang. This is known as a z-14 redshift in astronomy.

The discovery has been made available on the preprint service arXiv, and a peer-reviewed journal is now considering publishing it. It would be one of the oldest galaxies ever discovered, and if the discovery is verified, it would show that galaxies began forming far earlier than many scientists had previously believed.

A flurry of intricate galaxies forming over time can be seen in the photographs, some of which are gracefully mature pinwheels, some of which are blobby infants, and yet others of which are gauzy swirls of do-si-doing neighbors. The photographs, which were taken over the course of around 24 hours, were taken from a section of the sky near the handle of the Big Dipper, which is officially known as Ursa Major. The Extended Groth Strip shows an earlier Hubble Space Telescope observation of this same region of the sky.

These photos are fascinating because there are more prospects for extremely high redshift galaxies than we anticipated, according to Kartaltepe. "We anticipated finding some, but nobody anticipated finding as many as we have. It either indicates that the cosmos operates somewhat differently than we originally believed or that there are several more polluting sources, and these candidates will ultimately prove to be something else. Most likely, a bit of both describe the truth."

Kartaltepe plays a number of key roles in the survey, concentrating on morphology (measuring galaxies' shapes and sizes and researching how their structures formed) and setting up and interpreting spectroscopic observations of far-off galaxies using the NIRSpec instrument. Isabella Cox, Caitlin Rose, and Brittany Vanderhoof, three of her Ph.D. students in astrophysical sciences and technology, participated in the survey and worked with the data.

Over 60 hours of telescope time will be used throughout the course of the CEERS program. In December, a lot more imaging data will be gathered, along with spectroscopic analyses of hundreds of far-off galaxies.

Kartaltepe is also in charge of COSMOS-Web, the biggest General Observer program chosen for the first year of the JWST. COSMOS-Web will carry out an ambitious survey of 500,000 galaxies over the duration of 218 observation hours, using multi-band, high-resolution near infrared imaging and an unprecedented 32,000 galaxies in the mid infrared. In December, JWST is anticipated to start gathering the initial data for COSMOS-W                                                                                                                                                                      Rochester Institute of Technology

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